（五）主动句变被动句的注意事项
一是时态不能改变；二是变为被动语态后，谓语动词要和被动语态的主语在人称、数上保持一致。还要作如下变动：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；主动语态的主语放在by的后面，组成介词短语，再把这个介词短语放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。例如：
(a) They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他们很快将在那里开办个新超市。
A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一个新超市不久将在那里开办。
(b) The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位医生用英语讲了两次课。
Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位医生用英语讲了两次课。
(c) Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我们要当心老鼠。
We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我们受到警告，要当心老鼠。
如果主动语态有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），变为被动语态时，可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。但较常见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(a) The reporters asked the president some questions. 记者们问了总统一些问题。
The president was asked some questions by the reporters. （ 变间接宾语为主语）
Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. （变直接宾语为主语）
(b) We have given him a job. 我们已给了他一个工作。
He has been given a job. （变间接宾语为主语）
A job has been given (to) him. （变直接宾语为主语）
（六）含有情态动词的被动语态
句中含有情态动词时，其被动语态的结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词：
The timetable can be changed any time. 时间表随时可以改变。
This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 这本书不允许带出阅览室。
This dictionary must be taken good care of. 这本词典必须保管好。
（七）不能用于被动语态的动词
1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态，因为它们没有宾语。
2、表示状态而不是动作的及物动词，如 break out, belong to, cost, deserve, fit, have ( 有、使)，hold (盛下、装下)，lack, resemble, suit, take part in, take place, want, wish等动词不能变为被动语态。例如：
Everybody wanted Doris to be the manager. 大家都想让多里斯来当经理.
We like everybody to say what they think. 我们喜欢让人人都说出他们的看法。
Do you wish me to stay? 你希望我留下吗？
Will you help me (to) do the work? 你可以帮助我做干活吗？
The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发在1937年。
This car belongs to me. 这车是属于我的。
He has a good job. 他有个好工作。（不说A good job is had by him.）
They have a large house. 他们有所大房子。
I’ll have him come early. 我要让他早来。
Though I like the dress, it doesn’t fit me. 尽管我喜欢那件连衣裙，但穿着不合适。（不说Though the dress is liked by me, I’m not fitted by the dress.）
We lack manpower at the moment. 我们现在缺少人手。(不说Manpower is lacked by us at the moment.)
My computer cost me seven hundred and ninety dollars. 我花了790美元买这台计算机。
She resembles her father. 她像她父亲。（不说her father is resembled by her.）
短语动词中有些用于被动结构，有些不可以。但没有规律可循，只能个别掌握：
I was very well looked after when I was working there. 我在那里工作的时候，得到很好的照顾。
An overpass is being put up at the corner of the street. 在那条街的拐角处正在建起一个过街天桥。
Everybody agreed with me. 大家都同意我的意见。（不能说 I was agreed with by everybody.）
I walked into the house. 我走进房子。（不能说The house was walked into.）
I broke into the house. 我破门而入那栋房子。（却可以说The house was broken into by me.）
反身代词和each other, one another作宾语时不能变为被动。例如：
They acknowledged themselves to be defeated. 他们承认他们自己被击败了。
She praised herself. 她自我表扬。
He ruined himself. 他毁了自己。
5、下列及物动词有特殊的宾语，也不能变为被动语态：
The police officer shouted his loudest to stop the car. 警官用最大的声音喊叫，想叫住那辆车。
The famous actress breathed her last. 那位著名的女影星咽气了。
She nodded her approval. 她点头同意。
I smiled my thanks. 我微笑致谢。
He wishes to be somebody. 他想成个人物。
He enjoys taking pictures. 他喜欢摄影。
Keep silence, please. 请保持安静。
They usually take a walk after supper. 他们通常晚饭后散步。
（八）关于被动语态的几点说明
1、有些动词形式上是主动，意义上是被动。例如:
School begins in September. 学校九月份开学。
The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 图书馆星期天不开放。
The machine runs well. 这台机器容易操作。
My pen writes well. 我的钢笔好使。
The cloth washes well. 这料子耐洗。
The dictionary sells well. 这词典销路很好。
The book hardly sells. 这书买不出去。
The door will not shut/lock. 门关/锁不上。
Am I to blame? 我该受责备吗？
The house is to let. 房子要出租。
The story is interesting to read. 这故事读起来很有趣。
The film is worth seeing. 这片子值得一看。
Your shirt needs washing. 你的衬衫该洗了。
2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
(a) They made him go. 他们让他去。
He was made to go. 他被要求去了。
(b) I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我听见他向他的朋友说再见。
He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。
3、除助动词be外，动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态，是比较口语化的一种被动语态。这种结构中很少用by短语。例如:
I got lost in the huge market. 在那个巨大的市场中我迷失了方向。
You might get killed/hurt. 你会送命/受伤的。
In the end this story got translated into English. 这故事最后被译成了英文。
His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的车在交通事故中被毁了。
4、“have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个句型也表达了一种被动的意思。如：
I’ll have the bike repaired in no time. 我一会就把自行车修好。
I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping. 上星期天买东西的时候我的钱夹被盗。
He got his leg broken when playing football. 踢足球的时候他把腿弄断了。
I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 我打折买了这些书，省了两百美元。
5、在need, want, require后面，主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思：
My watch needs cleaning. (=…needs to be cleaned) 我的表需要清洗。
Your garden needs watering. (=…to be watered) 你的花园需要浇水。
Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生，您的衣服要烫吗？
The car wants servicing. 这汽车要检修。
