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“do sb + n.”结构的常用表达

2013-02-22  点击:3736

     一、do sb a favor


  该结构表示“帮助某人”,也可说成do a favor for sb,注意其中有不定冠词。如:
  Would you do me a favor please? 请你帮我个忙,好吗?
  He is always ready to do a favor for his classmates. 他总是乐于帮助同学。


  以下各句均可表示“劳驾请把窗户打开”。注意,当 favor 后有定语修饰时,其前习惯上要用定冠词:
  Do me a favor and open the window.
  Do me a favor by opening the window.
  Do me a favor—open the window, please.
  Do me the favor to open the window.
  Do me the favor of opening the window.


    二、do sb good


  该结构表示“对某人有益或有好处”,其中的 good 为不可数名词。如:
  Exercise will do you good. 运动对你会有好处。
  Eat more fruit—it will do you good. 多吃水果,这对你有好处。
  A week’s vacation will do you a lot of good. 休一周的假对你有很多益处。
  Go on with the treatment. It is doing you good. 你要继续进行这种疗法。它对你是有效的。


   三、do sb harm


  该结构表示“对某人有害”,其中的 harm 为不可数名词。如:
  Smoking does harm to your health. 吸烟对你的身体有害。
  A few late nights never did anyone any harm. 熬几个晚上的夜对人绝无害处。
  Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。


  注:也可说成 do harm to sb。如:
  Such books do great harm to young people.=Such books do young people great harm. 那样的书对年青人危害很大。


   四、do sb honor


  该结构也可说成do honor to sb,它有以下两个方面的意思:
   1. 对某人表示敬意或纪念。如:
  They did honor to the dead. 他们向死者致敬。
   2. 给某人带来荣誉或使某人受到尊敬。如:
  His contributions to science do honor to our country. 他在科学上的贡献为祖国增了光。
  We attended his birthday party to do him honor. /We attended his birthday party to do honor to him. 我们参加了他的生日晚会以表示对他的敬意。


  注意:do sb the honor of doing [to do] sth 的意思是“给某人面子做某事”“给某人做某事的荣幸”。如:
  Would you do me the honor of dancing with me?=Would you do me the honor to dance with me? 能请你跳曲舞吗?


   五、do sb a kindness


  该结构表示“好心地为某人做某事”“帮某人的忙”,其中的 kindness 为可数名词。如:
  Will you do me a kindness? 你愿帮我个忙吗?
  He has done me many kindness. 他帮了我不少忙。


   六、do sb a service


  该结构表示“帮某人的忙”,注意其中有不定冠词。如:
  Will you do me a service? 帮我个忙好吗?
  You did me a great service by telling me the truth. 你把实情告诉我,这对我很有好处。


   七、do sb wrong


  该结构表示“冤枉某人”“冤屈某人”,wrong 前通常不用冠词,但若有形容词修饰,也可用不定冠词修饰。如:
  You did me wrong. 你冤枉我了。
  He did her a terrible wrong. 他真的是太冤屈她了。
 

常见的习惯性错误用法    语感与语法