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Will 与Would 用法全归纳(一)

2013-01-25  点击:1523

1. 表示意愿
  will和would均可表示意愿,will用于指现在的意愿,would用于指过去的意愿。如:
  I’ll do anything that I can. 我愿做我能够做的任何事。
  He will do anything except cook. 他什么都愿做,就是不愿做饭。
  He asked if I would show him the way. 他问我是愿意可以给他带路。
  按英语语法习惯,在条件状语从句中不能直接使用将来时态,而应用一般现在时表示将来意义,但表示“意愿”的will和would有时可用于条件句中。如:
  If you will wait a moment, I’ll fetch the money. 如果你能等一下,我就取钱去。
  If he would try harder, I’m sure he’ll do well. 只要他能再努力一些,我相信他会做好的。
  条件状语从句will的意思不是“将要”,而是“愿意”。注意,有时翻译可能会比较灵活,尤其是当用于if you will…这类结构时。如:
  If you will [would] follow me, I’ll show you the way. 请跟我来,我给你指路。
  If you will [would] wait a moment I’ll see if Mr Jones is free. 请您稍候片刻,我看看琼斯先生是否有空。
   
2. 表示拒绝
  愿意做某事的反面是什么?就是拒绝。所以情态动词will和would的否定式won't和wouldn't可以用来表示拒绝——won't用于现在或将来,wouldn't用于过去。如:
  If he won't listen to me, I can't help him. 如果他不肯听我的话,我就不能帮他的忙。
  He said that he wouldn't lend me a penny.  他说过他一便士都不愿借给我。
  I offered Jimmy some milk, but he wouldn't drink it. 我让吉米喝牛奶,但他不肯喝。
  有趣的是,won't和wouldn't表示拒绝时,其主语有时可以是“物”。如:
  The door won't shut. 这门关不上。
  The car wouldn't start this morning. 今天上午汽车发动不了。
   
3. 表示委婉语气
  will和would均可用于征求意见或提出请求,此时的would并不表示过去,而是为了使语气更委婉。如:
  Will you please pass me the salt? 请你把盐递给我好吗?
  Would you ask them to wait outside? 你可否请他们在外面等等?
  Would Sunday night suit you? 星期天晚上适合你吗?
  为了使语气更客气、更委婉,有时可用won't和wouldn't这样的否定式。如:
  Won't you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉?
  Wouldn't it be better to paint it green? 把它漆成绿色的会不会更好?
  比较而言,用would比用will委婉,用否定的won't和wouldn't比用肯定的will和would要委婉——使用时应根据具体的语境选择合适的表达。
  另外值得一提的是,用will和would表示的这种委婉语气,主要见于上面这类疑问句,但would和wouldn't有时还可以用于陈述句中使句子的语气变得委婉。比较:
  That seems the best solution to me. 我看这似乎是最好的解决办法了。(直接)
  That would seem the best solution to me. 我看这似乎是最好的解决办法了吧。(委婉)
  Friday evening is not [won't be] very convenient. 星期五晚上不太合适。(直接)
  Friday evening wouldn't be very convenient. 星期五晚上不太合适吧。(委婉)
        
4. 用于提出想法
  would有时用于提出想法,通常与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用。如:
  I would like to make a suggestion. 我想提一个建议。
  I’d love to have a room of my own. 我想有一个自己的房间。
  I’d hate to disturb him if he’s busy. 如果他忙,我就不想打扰他了。
  I’d prefer to go by bike. 我想骑自行车去。
  若用于第一人称有时也可将would换成should。如:
  I should be glad to talk to him. 我会高兴和他谈谈。
  I should like to give him a chance. 我愿意给他一个机会。
  注意,这样用的would习惯上不能换成will。
 

名词作定语其单复数如何选择?    Will 与Would 用法完全归纳(二)